What is LNG

WHat is LNG ?

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to the point that it condenses to a liquid,which occurs at a temperature of approximately -256°F (-161°C) and at atmospheric pressure. Liquefaction reduces the volume by approximately 600 times, making it more economical to transport between continents in specially designed ocean vessels. LNG technology
makes natural gas available throughout the world.To make LNG available for use, energy companies must invest in a number of different operations that are highly linked and dependent upon one another.

The major stages of the LNG value chain, excluding pipeline
operations between the stages, consist of the following.
• Exploration to fi nd natural gas in the earth’s crust and
production of the gas for delivery to gas users. Most
of the time natural gas is discovered during the search
for oil.
• Liquefaction to convert natural gas into a liquid state
so that it can be transported in ships.
• Shipping the LNG in special purpose vessels.
• Storage and Regasifi cation, to convert the LNG
stored in specially made storage tanks, from the
liquefi ed phase to the gaseous phase, ready to be
moved to the fi nal destination through the natural gas
pipeline system

Petronas Twin Towers

The Petronas Towers has won a public vote organised by the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE), entitled What's your favourite structure?.Launched on 21 July, the Institution's centenary campaign invited people to vote for their favourite structure

After ten weeks of voting, the Petronas Towers gained over 1200 votes, with second place going to the Burj Al Arab and in third place, the Millau Viaduct. The winner was announced by IStructE's President, Sarah Buck, at Stephen Wiltshire's gallery in Pall Mall

With over 780 structural engineers voting in this competition,( so dont play play ) The Petronas Towers clearly gets the vote for structural as well as aesthetic reasons and it's not difficult to understand why.The Petronas Towers were the world's tallest buildings before being overtaken by Taipei 101 in Taiwan, but remain the highest twin skyscrapers. The towers are joined by a two level skybridges some 170 metres above the ground, famously depicted in the 1999 box office hit, Entrapment.

Some features of PTT

The structure was made using high-strength reinforced concrete and its glossy steel and glass façade have a distinct Islamic flavour, honouring Malaysia's Muslim community. Concrete was chosen over steel as a more economical solution, with the resulting extra weight adding to sway resistance but requiring sophisticated structural support. The buildings are supported by huge concrete cores and its foundations are the deepest in the world, sinking some 120 metres into the bedrock below. Its structural design also allows for considerable column-free office space on each floor.

The Petronas Towers pay tribute to Malaysia's cultural heritage whilst embracing its modernisation and commercial focus. A symbol of Asia's construction prowess, the twin towers and skybridge create a structural gateway to the bustling city of Kuala Lumpur

tbh, i like our malaysia tower compared to the taiwan one, the tower looks very belonging to malaysian.

What do structural engineer do?

Son Ye Jin in picture

Basically they construct. But there is more to it than dreaming up a design and constructing it. When you look at a construction - a bridge, a concert hall, a block of flats - you may not see an apparent similarity with one of nature's finest examples of structural engineering - the human body. But the similarity is there.

The central strength of the body lies in the skeleton, the hidden framework that supports our shape and is integral to our ability to function. Without it we would collapse. To the Chartered Structural Engineer, the same considerations of strength, shape and function are paramount in their conception of the framework of a structure.

Then having chosen appropriate materials - such as steel, brick, concrete or timber - they have to design the structure and make all the necessary checks and calculations to ensure that the foundations will be sound, that the floors and roof will not fall down, and that the construction as a whole will remain safe and serviceable for the length of its intended lifetime.

A structural engineer is a professional man or woman who is involved in the design and supervision of the construction of all kinds of structures such as houses, theatres, sports stadia, hospitals, bridges, oil rigs, space satellites and office blocks.

Every construction project is unique and will involve the expertise of a number of professional people including a structural engineer. The specialist skills of a structural engineer will include calculating loads and stresses, investigating the strength of foundations and analysing the behaviour of beams and columns in steel, concrete or other materials to ensure the structure has the strength required to perform its function safely, economically and with a shape and appearance that is visually satisfying.

CSK definition : they are bunch of silly people that press computer buttons to analyse structures and follow some stupid codes to design, yet need listen to fuc?ing economic sense of savings , working with mostly old people in their 40s or 50s that have not guts to change profession , work with some fuc?ing technician that think they draw so well that they dont need engineer, and working tirelessly to build big structure but only get monthly salary, and have not had the same respect and pay given to financial people.

Two Orchards Bracknell

I was involved in this project( from picture 1 to picture 2 , the stage where the buildings are being built) from the very first stage of column load take down till the end of detailed design. That 10 months period provided me with very valuable experience.

1. Design experience for Institute of Civil Engineer's objectives.
2. Working in a fully english company
3. Given a junior CAD technician to chase my work and i keep changing my design to frustrate him
4. Working under a arsehole leader, which have not been helpful and various sarcastic comments with his fuc?ing mouth.
5. Standing up to a leader and nearly pick up a chair and wanted to bang on his head

Interview Questions Part 1

The interview for hiring graduate structural engineer can be the combination of technical questions, one on one interview with manager ,or one full day assessment days with activities like group work, IQ tests and interviews with 2 or more managers.



For those studying for structural engineering degree, and wish to enter this industry, can you answer the technical questions below?

Bridge Checking

Checking the pipe rack in the bridge linking 2 offshore fixed platform

Structural Engineer at Night

When a structural engineer cannot sleep at night, they pick up the British Standard Code and put under their pillow. They should always think that their design have been following the code,and if anything collapsed, just blame the bloody code!!! So they can have a good night sleep.